DNA group #3

The following information comes from Cheyenne .  I think that it is a helpful post for all of us--not just those of group #3:

Hi Hawkins cousins!

(FYI to the administrators Cc'd, the two men here that Y-DNA tested at 12 markers, kit # 281497 (cousin 1) (who has been placed in FG #3) and kit # 280360 (cousin 2) are living men I sought out from my lines and urged to Y-DNA test.  My father and 2nd cousin have been placed in FG #23.)

Interesting  Y-DNA results of kit #280360 and kit # 280360, but not much to go on with only 12 markers tested.  Cousin 2 is 2 off from my Dad, kit #264191 and my my 2nd cousin kit # 190251 who tested at 67 markers.  Cousin 1 is a distance of 3 at 12 markers tested from my Dad and 2nd cousin.  Cousin 1 and cousin 2 are a distance of 1 from each other at the tested 12.  I tested my Dad and my 2nd cousin at 67 markers and they are a distance of 1 from each other.  Cousin 1 also descends from Samuel G. Hawkins but his line is from his son Joseph Napoleon Bonepart Hawkins.   Cousin 2's line descends from another son William V.B. Hawkins.  I believe my line descends one, possibly two generations further back from Cousin 1 and cousin 2, to probably Benjamin Hawkins b. 1784.  My Henry Zachariah Hawkins I believe is most likely a son of Benjamin b. 1784, possibly his nephew.

Here is an explanation of some of our mismatches at this low level testing.  Also some of the markers mutate more quickly than others, which two of Cousin 1's mismatched markers are those and one fast mutater from Cousin 2's.



If somebody doesn't match me at 12 markers, how can they match me at a higher testing level? faq id: 944

Aside from their having matching turned off at the Y-DNA12 level, someone might match you at a higher testing level but not Y-DNA12 because the genetic distance is more than the amount allowed for Y-DNA12 but not the higher level.

For example, kit B193 has mismatches with kit B175 at DYS393 and DYS385. Each mismatch has a genetic distance of one for a total genetic distance of two. This is more than the amount allowed for a Y-DNA12 match. However, they do not have additional mismatches on the Y-DNA13-25 panel. Therefore, the genetic distance for their Y-DNA25 match is also two. As a genetic distance of two is within the limit for Y-DNA25 matching, they will show as matches in that category.

Here is an interpretation of testing as 67 markers:

1. If two men share a surname, how should the genetic distance at 67 Y-chromosome STR markers be interpreted? faq id: 923
   In cultures where surnames are passed from father to son, there is additional evidence beyond a DNA match that two men who share a surname are related. Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) test results should be interpreted based on both this information and the actual results.

   Genetic Distance	Relationship	Interpretation
   0	Very Tightly Related	A 67/67 match between two men who share a common surname (or variant) means they share a common male ancestor within the genealogical time frame. Their relatedness is extremely close. All confidence levels are well within the time frame that surnames were adopted in Western Europe with the common ancestor predicted, 50% of the time, in 3 generations or less and with a 90% probability within 5 generations. Very few people achieve this close level of a match.
   1 or 2	Tightly Related	A 65/67 or 66/67 match between two men who share the same surname (or a variant) indicates a close relationship. It is most likely that they matched 36/37 or 37/37 on a previous Y-DNA test. Very few people achieve this close level of a match. All confidence levels are well within the time frame that surnames were adopted in Western Europe.
   3 or 4	Related	A 63/67 or 64/67 match between two men who share the same surname (or a variant) means that they are likely to share a common ancestor within the genealogical time frame. The common ancestor is probably not extremely recent, but is likely within the range of most well-established surname lineages in Western Europe. It is most likely that they matched 24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests and mismatches are within DYS458, DYS459, DYS449, DYS464, DYS576, DYS570, and CDY.
   5 or 6	Related	A 61/67 or 62/67 match between two men who share the same surname (or a variant) means that they may to share a common ancestor within the genealogical time frame. The common ancestor is probably not recent, but may still be within the range of most well-established surname lineages in Western Europe. It's most likely that they matched 24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests. Mismatches are within DYS458, DYS459, DYS449, DYS464, DYS576, DYS570, and CDY.
   7	Probably Related	A 60/67 match between two men who share the same surname (or a variant) means that they may share a common ancestor within the genealogical time frame. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this is about the same as being 11/12 and it's most likely that they matched 23/25 or 24/25 or 33-34/37 on previous Y-DNA tests. If they test additional individuals they will most likely find that their DNA falls in-between the persons who are 7 apart demonstrating relatedness within this family cluster or haplotype. If several or many generations have passed, it is likely that these two lines are related through distant family lines. The only way to confirm the relationship is to test additional family lines and to find where the mutations took place. By testing additional family members you can find the person in between them. This 'in betweener' is essential, and without him the possibility of a match exists, but cannot be confirmed.
   8 or 9	Only Possibly Related	A 58/67 or 59/67 match between two men who share the same surname (or a variant) means it is possible but unlikely that they share a common ancestor within the genealogical time frame. If you test additional individuals you may find the person whose DNA results falls in-between the persons that are 8 or 9 apart demonstrating relatedness within this family cluster or haplotype. It is most likely that they did not match 24-25/25 or 35-37/37 in previous Y-DNA tests. If several or many generations have passed, it is possible that they are related through other family members. The only way to confirm or deny the relationship is to test additional family lines and find where the mutation took place. By testing additional family members, you may find the person in between. This 'in betweener' is essential. Without him only the distant possibility of a match exists.
   10 or 11	Not Related	A 56/67 or 57/67 match between two people means they are not related within the genealogical time frame. The odds greatly favor that the two men have not shared a common male ancestor within thousands of years.
   >11	Not Related	The two men are totally unrelated within the genealogical time frame on their direct paternal line. Their shared ancestry is deeply anthropological and dates to the common African heritage of the human race.

Right now Cousin 2 seems to be this "in betweener" mentioned in this chart, for our lines.  I am working on finding more living Hawkins descendents from our lines to Y-DNA test to find further back related Hawkins lines.  I am waiting for Wynona to drive out with her test kit to test her brother  who also descends from this Benjamin Hawkins 1784 line but we believe the brother he comes from is Dennis Riley Hawkins.  Wynona is the  lady that descends from the outlaw Jerome Hawkins in TX.  I have a definite Family Finder Test match through Dennis Riley and to his father Benjamin, a test I sought out specifically with a descendant to prove the connection.  I think Benjamin is the commonality we all share.   I also have a FF match to another guy and our connection may be to a possible sister of Benjamin, Catherine Hawkins who is the daughter of John Hawkins b. 1760 Hanover, VA d. Jessamine, Ky and his wife Nancy Withers.  I still have to rule out any other possible connections with him at our 5th to distant cousin relationship.  I have 2 other FF matches to the Philemon Hawkins lines but have not determined for sure if that is where we connect.

I want to thank you all for testing and would like to ask if you would consider testing at a higher level.  There will be sales coming up eventually and I can notify you when that occurs.  I think 67 markers is a very good point to make more accurate connections, 111 is the highest you can go.

Aloha,
Cheyenne
Adm. for FG #23